Abstract:
The purpose of this research is to elucidate and analyze the continuum of human resilience in the face of crises through examining roles physical structures and environmental quality in the Ekbatan residential complex in Tehran, using a mixed-method qualitative–quantitative approach to provide an integrated framework for enhancing urban resilience at the neighborhood scale. This study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed-method design. In qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts to identify main components and indicators influencing human resilience. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire consisting of 34 items was developed based on the qualitative results and distributed among 382 residents of the Ekbatan complex. Data were then analyzed using statistical methods. Quantitative findings revealed that among ten main indicators, satisfaction with quality of life (mean = 4.02) and safety and security (mean = 3.97) had the highest influence on human resilience, while accessibility and communication (mean = 3.21) had the lowest. Multiple regression analysis showed that physical and environmental components explained 29 percent and 34 percent of the variance in human resilience, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all factor loadings were above 0.4, confirming the three-factor structure the conceptual model. Overall, the results demonstrate that human resilience in Ekbatan is shaped not only by the physical structure design of safe open spaces but also by environmental quality, sense of belonging, social cohesion, and life satisfaction. These findings provide a practical foundation for developing policies and design strategies aimed at fostering resilient residential neighborhoods in Iranian metropolises.